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Udon noodles
Japanese noodles often substitute for a rice-based meal. Soba (thin, grayish-brown noodles containing buckwheat flour) and udon
(thick wheat noodles) are the main traditional noodles, while ramen is a
modern import and now very popular. There are also other, less common
noodles.
Japanese noodles, such as soba and udon, are eaten as a standalone,
and usually not with a side dish, in terms of general custom. It may
have toppings, but they are called gu .
The fried battered shrimp tempura sitting in a bowl of tempura-soba
would be referred to as "the shrimp" or "the tempura", and not so much
be referred to as a topping (gu). The identical toppings, if served as a dish to be eaten with plain white rice could be called okazu, so these terms are context-sensitive.
Hot noodles are usually served in a bowl already steeped in their broth and are called kakesoba or kakeudon. Cold soba arrive unseasoned and heaped atop a zaru or seiro,
and are picked up with a chopstick and dunked in their dip sauce. The
broth is a soy-dashi-mirin type of mix; the dip is similar but more
concentrated (heavier on soy sauce).
In the simple form, yakumi
(condiments and spices) such as shichimi, nori, finely chopped
scallions, wasabi, etc. are added to the noodles, besides the broth/dip
sauce.
Udon may also be eaten in kama-age style, piping hot straight out of the boiling pot, and eaten with plain soy sauce and sometimes with raw egg also.
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